Bird House Made Out of Old Coffee Cans: A Charming & Eco-Friendly DIY Project

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Crafting a Cozy Abode for Feathered Friends: A Guide to Bird Houses Made Out of Old Coffee Cans

I remember my first attempt at attracting birds to our backyard. Armed with store-bought feeders overflowing with seed, I’d peer out the window, patiently waiting for visitors. While a few brave sparrows would occasionally dart in, the grand avian spectacle I’d envisioned never quite materialized. It was then, during a particularly strong craving for a morning brew, that I looked at my empty coffee can and had an idea. Could this humble cylinder, destined for the recycling bin, be transformed into something more? Could a bird house made out of old coffee cans actually work? The answer, I discovered, is a resounding yes! Not only is it an incredibly rewarding DIY project, but it’s also a fantastic way to repurpose materials and give our feathered neighbors a safe, welcoming spot to nest.

Creating a bird house from a coffee can isn’t just about a quick craft; it’s about understanding avian needs and adapting everyday items to meet them. This project taps into a growing desire for sustainable living and a deeper connection with nature. It’s accessible, affordable, and yields a charming result that’s sure to bring life and song to your outdoor space. Let’s dive into how you can transform those empty coffee cans into delightful homes for birds.

Why Choose a Coffee Can Bird House?

Beyond the obvious appeal of upcycling, a bird house made out of old coffee cans offers several advantages:

Sustainability: It diverts waste from landfills, giving materials a second life. This aligns with eco-conscious living and reduces your environmental footprint.
Cost-Effectiveness: Coffee cans are often free, especially if you regularly purchase ground coffee. This makes it a budget-friendly alternative to commercially produced birdhouses.
Customization: You have complete control over the design, size, and decoration, allowing you to create a unique piece that suits your aesthetic and the needs of local birds.
Durability: Metal coffee cans, when properly prepared and sealed, can withstand various weather conditions, offering a sturdy shelter for birds.
Educational Value: It’s a wonderful project to do with children, teaching them about recycling, nature, and the importance of providing habitats for wildlife.

Understanding Bird House Essentials for a Coffee Can Creation

Before we grab our tools, it’s crucial to consider what makes a bird house suitable for its intended occupants. Not all birds are the same, and their nesting preferences vary. For a general-purpose bird house made out of old coffee cans, we’ll aim to accommodate common backyard species like wrens, chickadees, and titmice. These small cavity nesters are often attracted to houses with specific dimensions and features.

Key Considerations for Bird House Design:

Entrance Hole Size: This is perhaps the most critical element. Too large, and predators can easily access the nest. Too small, and the intended bird species won’t be able to enter. For small birds like wrens and chickadees, an entrance hole diameter of 1 to 1 1/4 inches is ideal.
Interior Dimensions: The floor space inside the bird house should be sufficient for a nest. For our chosen species, a base of roughly 4×4 inches is good. A standard large coffee can can provide this, or we can adapt with two cans.
Depth: The distance from the entrance hole to the floor of the bird house is important for protecting young birds from predators. A depth of 4 to 6 inches is generally recommended.
Ventilation: Proper airflow prevents overheating. Small holes drilled near the top of the can, under the roof overhang, will provide ventilation without creating drafts.
Drainage: Water pooling inside the house can be detrimental to eggs and young birds. Drilling small holes in the bottom of the can is essential.
Perches: Contrary to popular belief, perches are generally not recommended for small bird houses. They can assist predators in reaching the nest. Birds that use houses don’t need perches to enter.
Material Safety: Ensure all materials used are non-toxic.

Materials and Tools You’ll Need

Gathering your supplies is the first practical step. For a sturdy and attractive bird house made out of old coffee cans, you’ll likely need:

Empty Coffee Cans: Two large (3-pound) coffee cans work well. One will form the main body, and the other can be used for the roof or base extension. Ensure they are thoroughly cleaned and dried.
Metal Shears or Tin Snips: For cutting metal. Be cautious as the edges can be sharp.
Drill and Drill Bits: Various sizes will be needed for the entrance hole, drainage, ventilation, and mounting.
Sandpaper: Medium and fine grit for smoothing rough edges.
Primer and Exterior Paint: Lead-free, non-toxic, and preferably in neutral or earth-tone colors. Avoid bright, flashy colors that might attract predators.
Sealant (Optional but Recommended): A clear, non-toxic exterior sealant can add an extra layer of protection against the elements.
Hardware: Screws, nuts, and washers (stainless steel or galvanized to prevent rust) for assembly.
Gloves: To protect your hands from sharp metal edges.
Safety Glasses: Essential when cutting or drilling metal.
Measuring Tape or Ruler: For accurate measurements.
Pencil or Marker: For marking cutting and drilling points.
Hammer and Nail Set (Optional): For starting pilot holes if using screws.
Can Opener (Optional): A smooth-edge can opener can be helpful for removing lids cleanly if they are still attached.

Step-by-Step: Building Your Coffee Can Bird House

Let’s get hands-on! This guide will walk you through creating a functional and attractive bird house made out of old coffee cans. We’ll aim for a design suitable for smaller birds, incorporating the essential features discussed earlier.

Preparing the Cans

Clean Thoroughly: Wash both coffee cans with soap and water. Ensure all coffee residue is removed. Let them air dry completely.
Remove Labels: Peel off any paper or plastic labels. If adhesive remains, a little Goo Gone or warm, soapy water can help.
Smooth Edges: If the original lids or bottoms have sharp, crimped edges, carefully use your metal shears to trim them or gently hammer them flat. Sand all cut edges thoroughly with sandpaper to remove any sharp points. This is crucial for safety, both for you and the birds.

Creating the Main Body and Entrance

Mark the Entrance Hole: On the side of one coffee can, measure down about 4-5 inches from the top rim. Mark the center point for your entrance hole. Using a 1 1/4-inch drill bit (or a hole saw attachment for your drill if you have one), carefully drill the entrance hole. If you don’t have a large enough bit, you can drill a series of smaller holes around the circumference and then carefully clean up the edges with metal snips and sandpaper.
Drill Drainage Holes: On the bottom of this can, drill 3-4 small (1/4-inch) holes for drainage.
Drill Ventilation Holes: Near the top rim, just below where the lid would attach, drill 2-3 small (1/4-inch) holes on opposite sides for ventilation.

Constructing the Roof and Base

The second coffee can can be used to create a more robust roof and potentially a protective base extension.

Prepare the Roof Can: Take the second coffee can. You can either use its entire bottom as a base and cut the top rim to create a slightly larger overhang, or you can cut the can in half lengthwise to create a more substantial, angled roof. For simplicity and a good overhang, let’s focus on using the whole can for a slightly extended roof. You might want to trim about an inch off the open end of this second can to create a tighter fit or a more defined edge for your roof.
Attach the Roof: Position the second can over the opening of the main bird house can. You want the bottom of this second can to act as your roof’s edge, extending slightly beyond the main body for better rain protection. You can secure this by drilling small pilot holes through both cans and using short, rust-resistant screws and washers. Alternatively, if you’ve trimmed the top edge of the main can, you might be able to overlap the second can over it and secure it.
Creating a More Elaborate Roof (Optional): If you’re feeling more adventurous, you can cut the second can in half horizontally. Use the bottom portion as a base, and then cut the top portion to create a slightly angled roof. You can attach these pieces together with screws or strong, waterproof adhesive. This approach gives a more traditional birdhouse look.

Assembly and Finishing Touches

Secure All Parts: Ensure all components are firmly attached. If you’ve used screws, make sure they are not protruding into the interior of the bird house where they could injure the birds.
Prime the Exterior: Apply a thin, even coat of metal primer to the entire exterior of the bird house. This will help the paint adhere better and prevent rust. Let it dry completely according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Paint the Exterior: Once the primer is dry, apply 1-2 coats of your chosen non-toxic exterior paint. Stick to muted, natural colors like browns, greens, or grays. These colors blend into the environment and are less likely to scare away birds or attract predators. Avoid painting the interior of the bird house or around the entrance hole.
Seal (Optional): For extra protection, once the paint is thoroughly dry, you can apply a thin layer of clear, non-toxic exterior sealant.

Mounting Your Bird House

Choosing the right location is crucial for the success of your bird house.

Location: Mount the bird house on a pole, fence post, or the side of a building. Avoid hanging it from a tree branch where it can swing excessively, as this can disturb nesting birds and make it easier for predators to access.
Height: For most small birds, a height of 5-10 feet off the ground is ideal.
Predator Guard: If mounting on a pole, consider adding a predator baffle below the house to deter squirrels and raccoons.
Orientation: Face the entrance hole away from prevailing winds and direct, harsh sunlight. East or southeast facing is often recommended.
Attachment: Use rust-resistant screws or mounting brackets to securely attach the bird house. You might need to drill mounting holes through the back of the can.

Common Bird House Questions Answered

When you decide to build a bird house made out of old coffee cans, a few questions naturally arise. Here are some of the most common ones, along with detailed answers to help you on your way.

Q1: What kind of birds will use a coffee can bird house?

A bird house made out of old coffee cans, especially one with an entrance hole of 1 to 1 1/4 inches, is primarily suited for small cavity-nesting birds. This includes species like:

Wrens: Carolina wrens, House wrens, and Bewick’s wrens are frequent users of small birdhouses with appropriately sized entrances. They are known for their energetic songs and often build messy, cup-shaped nests.
Chickadees: Black-capped chickadees and Carolina chickadees are also excellent candidates. They are curious and adaptable birds that readily explore new nesting sites.
Titmice: Tufted titmice and Oak titmice will also find these houses suitable. They are charming, active birds with a fondness for dense shrubbery and woodlands.
Nuthatches: Downy woodpeckers and some smaller nuthatch species might also investigate.

It’s important to note that larger birds or those that prefer open nesting sites (like robins) will not use a traditional birdhouse. The size of the entrance hole is the primary factor determining which species will inhabit your coffee can creation. If you aim to attract specific birds, research their preferred nest box dimensions and entrance hole sizes. For instance, if you wanted to attract Eastern Bluebirds, you would need a significantly larger box with a larger entrance hole.

Q2: How do I make sure the metal doesn’t get too hot for the birds?

Metal can indeed get hot, but several factors mitigate this risk for a bird house made out of old coffee cans:

Ventilation: As detailed in the building steps, proper ventilation is key. The small holes drilled near the top of the can allow hot air to escape, creating airflow.
Roof Overhang: A well-designed roof that extends beyond the main body of the can provides shade, preventing direct sunlight from heating the interior.
Paint Color: Lighter, neutral colors reflect sunlight better than dark colors. Using a light gray, tan, or off-white paint can help keep the exterior cooler.
Placement: Orienting the bird house so the entrance hole faces away from the hottest afternoon sun (e.g., facing east or southeast) is crucial. Avoid placing it in an area that receives full, direct sun all day long, especially in warmer climates.
Material Thickness: Coffee cans are relatively thin. While they will absorb heat, the ventilation and shading usually make them sufficiently cool for nesting birds, especially when compared to direct exposure on a branch.
Species Adaptation: Birds are often resourceful. They can also fledge young on warmer days and may seek out shadier spots within the house or even pant to regulate their own body temperature.

Regularly check the birdhouse on a warm day after it’s been occupied to gauge its temperature, but with good construction and placement, overheating is rarely a critical issue.

Q3: Is it safe for birds to be in a metal house? What about sharp edges?

Safety is paramount when crafting any bird habitat. For a bird house made out of old coffee cans, addressing potential metal hazards is vital:

Sharp Edges: This is the most significant concern. Throughout the building process, emphasize sanding down all cut edges. After cutting with shears, use medium-grit sandpaper to remove burrs, followed by fine-grit sandpaper for a smooth finish. Pay special attention to the entrance hole, the bottom edges, and any seams or overlapping areas. You can even run your gloved finger along all edges to ensure there are no sharp points.
Rust: While metal can rust, using rust-resistant screws and washers, along with proper priming and painting, significantly extends the life of the bird house and reduces rust formation. Any rust that does appear over time is unlikely to pose a direct threat to the birds unless it creates sharp points.
Toxicity: Ensure all paints, primers, and sealants used are labeled as non-toxic and safe for outdoor use. Lead-based paints are highly toxic and should be strictly avoided. Using exterior-grade, water-based paints is generally a safe bet.
Interior Surfaces: Never paint or seal the interior of the bird house. Natural, unpainted metal is safe. Birds do not require any special interior coatings.

By taking careful steps during construction, particularly in smoothing all edges, you can create a safe and comfortable metal environment for birds.

Q4: How should I clean the coffee can bird house?

Regular cleaning is essential for bird health, as old nesting material can harbor parasites and diseases. The best time to clean is after the nesting season is completely over, typically in late fall or early winter.

Remove Old Nest: Wearing gloves, carefully remove all old nesting material from the bird house. Dispose of this material in a garbage bag and seal it tightly before putting it in your outdoor trash bin.
Scrub the Interior: Use a stiff brush or a scrub pad to remove any debris or droppings from the interior surfaces.
Wash with Solution: Prepare a cleaning solution of one part bleach to nine parts water (1:9 ratio). Alternatively, you can use a mild soap and water solution.
Apply and Scrub: Apply the cleaning solution to the interior of the bird house and scrub thoroughly. Pay attention to corners and crevices.
Rinse Thoroughly: Rinse the inside of the bird house with clean water to remove all traces of the cleaning solution. Repeat rinsing if necessary.
Dry Completely: This is a critical step. Leave the bird house to air dry in a sunny, well-ventilated spot for at least 24-48 hours, or until you are absolutely certain it is bone dry. Any lingering moisture can lead to mold growth, which is harmful to birds. You can also use a fan to speed up the drying process.
Inspect and Repair: Before re-mounting, inspect the bird house for any damage, loose parts, or sharp edges that may have developed. Make any necessary repairs.

Never use harsh chemical cleaners or abrasive materials that could damage the metal or leave harmful residues. Patience with the drying process ensures a safe environment for the next occupants.

Q5: Can I add a perch?

For most small bird houses, including those made from coffee cans, a perch is generally not recommended and can even be detrimental. Here’s why:

Predator Access: Perches provide a convenient foothold for predators such as cats, squirrels, raccoons, and larger birds like jays or crows. They can use the perch to reach into the entrance hole and prey on eggs or nestlings.
Unnecessary for Birds: Small birds that use nest boxes do not need perches to enter or exit. They are perfectly capable of clinging to the entrance hole or the surface of the house.
Competition: Perches can sometimes attract larger, more aggressive bird species that might then dominate the bird house, preventing smaller, more desirable species from using it.

The primary purpose of a bird house is to provide safe shelter and a place to raise young, protected from the elements and predators. Perches can inadvertently compromise this safety. Therefore, it’s best to omit a perch from your bird house made out of old coffee cans.

Making it Your Own: Decorative Touches

While function is key, a little flair can make your coffee can bird house a charming addition to your garden. Remember to prioritize bird safety and avoid anything that could be harmful.

Natural Materials: Glue on small twigs, bark pieces, or dried moss to give it a rustic, camouflaged look. Ensure the adhesive used is non-toxic and waterproof.
Decoupage: Use bird-safe, non-toxic decoupage medium to attach natural-themed paper cutouts or fabric pieces to the exterior. Seal with another layer of the medium.
Carving/Etching: If you’re artistically inclined and have the right tools, you could carefully etch simple designs into the metal before painting.
Minimalist Appeal: Sometimes, a clean, well-painted bird house in a subtle color is the most appealing.

Always ensure that any decorative elements do not obstruct the entrance hole, ventilation, or drainage, and that they are securely attached so they won’t fall off and pose a hazard.

Crafting a bird house made out of old coffee cans is a delightful journey that merges creativity with conservation. By following these steps, you can transform discarded materials into a valuable habitat, bringing the joy of birdwatching right to your doorstep. Happy building, and may your new avian residents fill your yard with song!

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