No Churn Coffee Ice Cream Without Eggs: The Ultimate Guide to Creamy, Decadent Bliss

Table of Contents

Dreaming of Homemade Coffee Ice Cream? You Can Achieve It Without the Fuss!

For years, the mere thought of homemade ice cream conjured up images of complicated custard bases, constant stirring over a double boiler, and the daunting task of tempering eggs. It felt like a culinary Everest, reserved for the truly dedicated or those with a commercial ice cream maker gathering dust in the pantry. But then, a revelation struck: you don’t *need* eggs or an ice cream machine to create a dreamy, scoopable coffee ice cream. My personal journey into the world of no-churn ice cream began out of pure desperation. I’d been craving that rich, intensely coffee-flavored goodness, the kind that sends a delightful jolt through your senses, but the idea of wrestling with raw eggs on a sweltering summer afternoon just wouldn’t fly. This is where the magic of “no churn coffee ice cream without eggs” truly shines, opening up a world of possibilities for home cooks of all levels.

The beauty of this approach lies in its simplicity and accessibility. It’s about leveraging a few key ingredients and a straightforward technique to achieve a surprisingly luscious and intensely flavored dessert. We’re talking about a creamy texture that rivals traditional ice cream, all without the risk of curdled eggs or the need for specialized equipment. This isn’t just a recipe; it’s a gateway to effortless homemade frozen treats. You get all the intense coffee flavor you crave, a wonderfully smooth consistency, and the satisfaction of creating something truly special from scratch, all without breaking a sweat or cracking a single egg.

What Makes No Churn Coffee Ice Cream Without Eggs So Appealing?

The primary allure of no-churn coffee ice cream without eggs is its inherent **convenience and accessibility**. Traditional ice cream recipes often rely on a cooked custard base, which requires eggs for richness, stability, and that signature creamy mouthfeel. However, this process can be time-consuming, requires careful temperature control to prevent scrambling, and is not suitable for those with egg allergies or dietary restrictions. The “no churn, no egg” method bypasses these hurdles entirely, offering a streamlined path to delicious frozen coffee goodness.

Here’s a breakdown of why this style of ice cream has become a go-to for so many:

  • Simplicity: The ingredient list is typically short and pantry-friendly. The technique is straightforward, often involving just a few steps of mixing and freezing.
  • Speed: While it still requires freezing time, the active preparation is significantly less than traditional methods.
  • Dietary Inclusivity: It’s naturally egg-free, making it a fantastic option for those with egg allergies or following an egg-free diet.
  • Cost-Effective: Eliminating eggs and specialized equipment can make homemade ice cream more budget-friendly.
  • Customization: The base is incredibly versatile, allowing for easy additions of chocolate chips, nuts, or swirls.
  • Texture: When done right, the texture is remarkably creamy and smooth, often achieved through the emulsifying properties of condensed milk and whipped cream.

The Science Behind the Creaminess: How Do We Achieve That Luscious Texture Without Eggs?

It’s natural to wonder how we can achieve that desirable creamy, melt-in-your-mouth texture without the binding and emulsifying power of egg yolks. The answer lies in a clever combination of ingredients that work synergistically to create a smooth, scoopable frozen dessert. At the heart of most no-churn ice cream recipes are two key players: **sweetened condensed milk** and **whipped cream**.

Let’s dive a little deeper into their roles:

Sweetened Condensed Milk: The Unsung Hero of No-Churn

Sweetened condensed milk is a powerhouse ingredient in no-churn ice cream for several critical reasons:

  • Sugar Content: Its high sugar concentration plays a vital role in lowering the freezing point of the mixture. This prevents the formation of large ice crystals, which is the primary culprit behind icy, hard ice cream. The more dissolved sugar there is, the harder it is for water molecules to arrange themselves into rigid ice structures.
  • Stabilizing Properties: The concentrated milk solids in sweetened condensed milk contribute to the overall body and stability of the ice cream. They help to create a smoother, less dense structure.
  • Richness and Flavor: It adds a subtle caramel-like sweetness and a rich dairy flavor that complements the coffee beautifully.

Unlike evaporated milk, which is simply milk with water removed, sweetened condensed milk has sugar added during the concentration process. This added sugar is crucial for the no-churn texture.

Whipped Cream: Introducing Air and Lightness

Heavy whipping cream, when whipped to stiff peaks, introduces air into the ice cream base. This aeration is essential for several reasons:

  • Volume and Lightness: Whipping incorporates air bubbles, making the ice cream lighter and fluffier, preventing it from becoming too dense and heavy.
  • Emulsification Aid: The fat globules in the cream, when agitated and whipped, create a stable emulsion. This helps to suspend the coffee flavorings and other components evenly throughout the mixture, contributing to a smoother mouthfeel.
  • Creating a Base: Once whipped, the cream provides a light and airy structure into which the condensed milk and flavorings are folded. This gentle folding preserves the air incorporated during whipping.

The combination of the dense, sugar-rich condensed milk and the airy, fat-rich whipped cream creates a unique textural balance. The condensed milk provides the necessary sweetness and prevents excessive ice crystal formation, while the whipped cream offers lightness, volume, and helps to create a smooth, creamy emulsion.

The Core Components of a Stellar No Churn Coffee Ice Cream Without Eggs

Crafting a truly exceptional no-churn coffee ice cream without eggs hinges on the quality and interplay of a few core ingredients. While the base itself is simple, the nuances of each component can elevate your creation from good to absolutely divine.

The Coffee Element: More Than Just a Flavoring

This is where the personality of your ice cream truly shines. You have several excellent options, each offering a slightly different flavor profile and intensity. The key is to use a concentrated coffee flavor so it doesn’t get lost in the rich base.

  • Espresso Powder: This is often the gold standard for intense, pure coffee flavor. Instant espresso powder dissolves readily into liquids and provides a deep, robust coffee taste without adding extra water, which could affect the ice cream’s texture. Brands like Nescafé Taster’s Choice or Starbucks Via Italian Roast are popular choices. For a truly deep flavor, I often find myself using a generous tablespoon or two.
  • Strong Brewed Coffee or Espresso: If you prefer to use liquid coffee, it’s crucial to brew it very strong. Think of it as brewing coffee for a Frappuccino. You’ll want to reduce the amount of water used. For example, instead of a standard 8 ounces of water, use only 2-3 ounces. This concentrated brew will pack more coffee punch. It’s also wise to let it cool completely before incorporating it into the dairy.
  • Coffee Extract: A good quality coffee extract can be a powerful flavor booster. It’s highly concentrated, so a little goes a long way. Be sure to taste as you go to avoid an overpowering or artificial taste.
  • Cold Brew Concentrate: This offers a smoother, less acidic coffee flavor. If you have homemade cold brew concentrate, it can be a fantastic addition. Ensure it’s a concentrate, not diluted cold brew.

Personal Tip: For the most authentic coffee experience, I often combine a touch of espresso powder with a strong, concentrated brewed coffee. This gives a layered depth of flavor that is simply unbeatable.

The Sweetener: Sweetened Condensed Milk is Key

As discussed, sweetened condensed milk is non-negotiable for the success of this no-churn method. Its high sugar content is essential for creating a smooth texture by inhibiting ice crystal formation. It also contributes a creamy, slightly caramel-like sweetness that balances the bitterness of the coffee.

Ensure you are using **sweetened condensed milk**, not evaporated milk. They are fundamentally different products. One is sweetened and thickened; the other is simply milk with water removed, with no added sugar.

The Creaminess Factor: Heavy Whipping Cream

This is where the magic of aeration and richness comes in. Heavy whipping cream (or heavy cream, as it’s often labeled in the US) has a fat content of at least 36%, which is crucial for whipping into stable peaks. This air incorporation is what gives the ice cream its light, fluffy, and creamy texture, preventing it from becoming a solid, icy block.

Using a lower-fat cream (like light cream or half-and-half) will not whip properly and will result in a denser, icier ice cream. Don’t skimp here; it’s the backbone of the creamy texture.

Flavor Enhancers and Add-ins

Beyond the core coffee flavor, a few other ingredients can significantly enhance your ice cream:

  • Vanilla Extract: A splash of good quality vanilla extract rounds out the flavors and adds a layer of complexity. It’s like a flavor amplifier, making the coffee taste even more like coffee.
  • Salt: A pinch of salt might seem counterintuitive in a sweet dessert, but it’s a secret weapon. Salt enhances sweetness and balances flavors, bringing out the best in both the coffee and the dairy. Just a small pinch is all you need.
  • Optional Add-ins: This is where you can really personalize your ice cream. Consider things like:
    • Chocolate chips (mini or regular)
    • Chopped chocolate-covered espresso beans
    • A swirl of caramel sauce or hot fudge sauce
    • Chopped toasted nuts (pecans, walnuts)
    • A dash of cinnamon or a hint of cocoa powder for a mocha twist

The Essential Recipe: Simple & Delicious No Churn Coffee Ice Cream Without Eggs

Here’s a fundamental recipe that will guide you to your first perfect batch of no-churn coffee ice cream without eggs. It’s designed for maximum flavor and that craveable creamy texture.

Yields: Approximately 1.5 Quarts

Prep time: 15 minutes

Freeze time: 6-8 hours (or overnight)

Ingredients:

  • 2 cups (1 pint) heavy whipping cream, very cold
  • 1 (14-ounce) can sweetened condensed milk, cold
  • 2-3 tablespoons instant espresso powder (or 2 tablespoons finely ground coffee brewed with 3 tablespoons water, cooled)
  • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
  • 1/4 teaspoon salt (optional, but recommended)
  • Optional add-ins: chocolate chips, chopped nuts, etc.

Equipment:

  • Large mixing bowl
  • Electric mixer (handheld or stand mixer)
  • Whisk attachment (for stand mixer) or beaters (for handheld mixer)
  • Rubber spatula
  • Freezer-safe container with a lid (a loaf pan works well, covered tightly with plastic wrap and then foil)

Instructions:

  1. Prepare the Coffee Mixture: In a small bowl, combine the instant espresso powder (or the cooled, concentrated coffee/espresso) with about 1/4 cup of the sweetened condensed milk. Stir vigorously until the espresso powder is completely dissolved and you have a smooth, thick paste. This step ensures no powdery clumps remain and that the coffee flavor is evenly distributed. If using brewed coffee, ensure it’s cooled to room temperature or colder.
  2. Whip the Cream: In a large, chilled mixing bowl, pour in the very cold heavy whipping cream. Using an electric mixer, whip the cream on medium-high speed until stiff peaks form. This means when you lift the beaters, the cream holds its shape and the peaks stand straight up or curl over slightly at the very tip. Be careful not to over-whip, as this can turn the cream into butter.
  3. Combine the Base: Add the remaining cold sweetened condensed milk, vanilla extract, and salt (if using) to the bowl with the whipped cream.
  4. Incorporate the Coffee: Add the coffee paste (from step 1) to the whipped cream and condensed milk mixture.
  5. Gently Fold: Using a rubber spatula, gently fold the coffee mixture into the whipped cream and condensed milk until just combined. Be careful not to deflate the whipped cream. You want streaks of coffee flavor to be visible initially; continue folding until the color is mostly uniform, but avoid overmixing. The goal is to maintain as much air as possible.
  6. Add Mix-ins (Optional): If you’re adding chocolate chips, nuts, or other chunky ingredients, gently fold them in now.
  7. Transfer to Container: Pour the mixture into your freezer-safe container. Smooth the top with the spatula.
  8. Cover and Freeze: Cover the container tightly. For best results, press a piece of parchment paper or plastic wrap directly onto the surface of the ice cream to prevent ice crystals from forming. Then, cover the container with its lid or tightly with aluminum foil. Freeze for at least 6-8 hours, or preferably overnight, until firm.
  9. Scoop and Enjoy: Before serving, let the ice cream sit at room temperature for about 5-10 minutes to soften slightly, making it easier to scoop. Enjoy your homemade, no-churn, egg-free coffee ice cream!

Troubleshooting Common Issues and Tips for Perfection

Even with a simple recipe, occasional hiccups can occur. Here are some common issues and how to address them to ensure your no-churn coffee ice cream is always a success.

My Ice Cream is Too Icy!

This is the most common complaint with homemade frozen desserts. For no-churn recipes, iciness is usually due to a few factors:

  • Insufficient Fat Content: Ensure you used heavy whipping cream with at least 36% fat content. Lower-fat creams won’t whip properly or provide enough richness to prevent ice crystals.
  • Too Much Liquid: If you used brewed coffee instead of espresso powder, and it wasn’t concentrated enough, the extra water content can lead to iciness. Always brew coffee very strong and reduce it if possible, or opt for espresso powder.
  • Not Enough Sugar: Sweetened condensed milk is crucial for its high sugar content, which lowers the freezing point. Make sure you used the full can and didn’t try to substitute it with evaporated milk or a sugar-free alternative without understanding the textural implications.
  • Improper Freezing: Make sure your freezer is set to a cold temperature (0°F is ideal). Also, ensure the container is well-sealed to prevent freezer burn and moisture loss, which can contribute to iciness.
  • Over-mixing when Folding: While you want to combine ingredients, over-mixing can knock out the air incorporated into the whipped cream, leading to a denser, icier result. Fold gently until just combined.

Solution: To salvage icy ice cream, you can sometimes try to re-whip it if it’s not fully frozen or hasn’t been in the freezer too long. This is tricky. A more reliable approach for future batches is to review the fat content of your cream, the concentration of your coffee, and your folding technique. Sometimes, a tiny bit more sweetened condensed milk can help rescue slightly icy ice cream if it’s not too far gone, as the extra sugar can help break down some crystals.

My Ice Cream Isn’t Firm Enough

If your ice cream is too soft or melts too quickly:

  • Temperature of Ingredients: Ensure your heavy cream and sweetened condensed milk are very cold before you start. This helps them whip and combine better, leading to a more stable structure.
  • Freezer Temperature: Double-check that your freezer is at 0°F or below. A warmer freezer won’t allow the ice cream to set properly.
  • Insufficient Freezing Time: While 6-8 hours is a guideline, some freezers or ingredient combinations might require longer. Overnight freezing is often best for ultimate firmness.
  • Add-ins: Very wet add-ins, like certain fruit purees without proper thickening, can introduce too much liquid and prevent proper hardening.

Solution: Allow more freezing time. If it’s still too soft after a full overnight freeze, your freezer might not be cold enough. You can also try incorporating a tablespoon or two of alcohol (like vodka), which lowers the freezing point further and can sometimes help with scoopability, but use sparingly as too much will prevent freezing altogether. For future batches, ensure your ingredients are well-chilled and your freezer is at the optimal temperature.

The Coffee Flavor Isn’t Strong Enough

This is a common lament when people try to make coffee-flavored desserts. Coffee flavor can be subtle and easily masked by rich dairy.

  • Type of Coffee Product: Using regular brewed coffee might not be enough. Opt for espresso powder, very strong brewed espresso, or coffee extract for a more concentrated flavor.
  • Quantity: Don’t be shy with the espresso powder! The recipe suggests 2-3 tablespoons, but you might need up to 4 for a truly bold flavor, especially if your coffee isn’t intensely brewed. Taste the coffee paste before adding it to the cream to gauge its strength.
  • Concentration of Brewed Coffee: If using brewed coffee, make sure it’s concentrated – brewed with less water. Consider simmering strong brewed coffee to reduce it further before cooling and using.

Solution: For your current batch, if the flavor is too weak, it’s difficult to add more coffee flavor without affecting the texture significantly. However, you can always serve it with a strong coffee syrup or a dusting of espresso powder. For future batches, increase the amount of espresso powder or concentrate your brewed coffee more intensely. Some people even add a few drops of coffee extract for an extra punch.

The Texture is Grainy

A grainy texture is usually related to ice crystals, but can also occur if the ingredients weren’t fully dissolved.

  • Undissolved Espresso Powder: Ensure your espresso powder is fully dissolved in a small amount of liquid (like a tablespoon of condensed milk) to form a smooth paste before mixing. Lumps of undissolved powder can create pockets of texture.
  • Sugar Crystal Formation: While less common in this recipe due to the condensed milk, if your sugar isn’t fully dissolved or if there’s a significant temperature fluctuation during freezing, it can sometimes contribute to grittiness.

Solution: For future batches, be diligent about dissolving the espresso powder. If you’re using brewed coffee, make sure it’s completely cooled, as hot liquid can affect the texture of the dairy. The best way to combat this is consistent freezing temperatures and a well-sealed container.

Variations and Flavor Boosters to Elevate Your Coffee Ice Cream

Once you’ve mastered the basic no-churn coffee ice cream, the world is your oyster when it comes to flavor variations. The base is so versatile, it’s a perfect canvas for all sorts of delicious additions. Think of these as ways to customize your coffee experience.

Mocha Madness: Adding Chocolate

For the ultimate chocolate and coffee lover, a mocha-infused ice cream is a no-brainer. Here’s how to achieve it:

  • Cocoa Powder: Sift in 2-3 tablespoons of unsweetened cocoa powder along with the espresso powder and condensed milk. Whisk it into a smooth paste. This will give a rich, dark chocolate undertone.
  • Melted Chocolate: Melt about 4 ounces of good quality dark or semi-sweet chocolate. Let it cool slightly, then drizzle it into the mixture as you’re folding. It will harden into delightful shards.
  • Chocolate Chips: The classic and easiest addition. Fold in 1 cup of mini or regular chocolate chips during the final folding stage.

Tip: A pinch of cinnamon or a dash of chili powder can add an unexpected depth to mocha ice cream!

Caramel Swirl Delight

A ribbon of gooey caramel through your coffee ice cream is pure indulgence.

  • Store-Bought Caramel Sauce: Use a thick, good-quality caramel sauce. Once the ice cream base is in its freezer container, dollop spoonfuls of caramel sauce over the top. Use a knife or skewer to gently swirl the caramel into the ice cream base. Don’t over-swirl; you want distinct ribbons.
  • Homemade Salted Caramel: If you’re feeling ambitious, a homemade salted caramel sauce adds an extra layer of flavor and satisfaction.

Tip: A sprinkle of sea salt on top of the caramel swirls before freezing can enhance the sweet and salty contrast.

Nutty Professor: Adding Crunch

For added texture and flavor, nuts are a fantastic addition.

  • Toasted Pecans or Walnuts: Toasting brings out the oils and intensifies the nutty flavor. Chop them coarsely and fold them in during the final stage.
  • Almonds: Sliced or slivered almonds, lightly toasted, add a delicate crunch.
  • Peanut Butter Swirl: Slightly warm some peanut butter (or peanut butter chips) until it’s pourable but not hot. Swirl it into the ice cream base similarly to the caramel sauce.

Tip: Consider chocolate-covered nuts for an extra layer of decadence!

Boozy Brew: A Touch of Adult Indulgence

A small amount of alcohol can not only add flavor but also contribute to a smoother texture by lowering the freezing point.

  • Kahlúa or Coffee Liqueur: Add 1-2 tablespoons of Kahlúa, Baileys Irish Cream, or another coffee liqueur directly into the condensed milk mixture before combining with the whipped cream.
  • Vodka: A neutral spirit like vodka (1-2 tablespoons) can add smoothness without significantly altering the flavor profile, allowing the coffee to dominate.

Important Note: Use alcohol sparingly. Too much will prevent the ice cream from freezing solid.

Spiced Coffee Sensation

For a warm and comforting twist:

  • Cinnamon: Add 1/2 teaspoon of ground cinnamon to the dry ingredients.
  • Cardamom: A pinch of ground cardamom can add an exotic, aromatic note.
  • Nutmeg: A whisper of freshly grated nutmeg complements coffee beautifully.

Storing Your Homemade No Churn Coffee Ice Cream Without Eggs

Proper storage is crucial to maintaining the quality and texture of your homemade ice cream. Since it doesn’t contain the stabilizers found in commercial ice cream (and no eggs), it can be more susceptible to ice crystal formation if not stored correctly.

Here’s how to keep it tasting its best:

  • Airtight Container is Key: Always store your ice cream in a freezer-safe container with a tight-fitting lid. This prevents the absorption of odors from other foods in your freezer and minimizes air exposure, which leads to freezer burn and ice crystals.
  • Prevent Surface Ice Crystals: For an extra layer of protection, press a piece of parchment paper or plastic wrap directly onto the surface of the ice cream before sealing the container with its lid. This creates a barrier against condensation and air.
  • Location in the Freezer: Store the ice cream in the coldest part of your freezer, usually the back, away from the door where the temperature fluctuates more.
  • Consume Within a Reasonable Timeframe: While it will technically last longer, homemade ice cream is best enjoyed within 1-2 weeks for optimal texture and flavor. After that, ice crystals may start to become more noticeable.
  • Thawing for Scoopability: Before scooping, allow the ice cream to sit at room temperature for 5-10 minutes (or longer in a very cold kitchen). This softens it just enough to make scooping easier without turning it into soup.

Avoid refreezing melted ice cream, as this will drastically degrade its texture and make it icy.

Commonly Asked Questions About No Churn Coffee Ice Cream Without Eggs

Even with a straightforward recipe, questions often arise. Here are some of the most frequently asked, with detailed answers to ensure your success.

Q1: Can I use milk instead of heavy whipping cream?

A: No, you cannot substitute regular milk or half-and-half for heavy whipping cream in this recipe. The high fat content (at least 36%) of heavy whipping cream is absolutely essential for creating the airy, voluminous, and creamy texture characteristic of no-churn ice cream. Lower-fat dairy products simply won’t whip up to the necessary stiff peaks, and the resulting ice cream will be dense, icy, and lacking in richness. The fat in the cream is what traps air bubbles and creates a stable structure that prevents excessive ice crystal formation.

Q2: What’s the best way to get a really strong coffee flavor?

A: To achieve a robust coffee flavor, the key is using a concentrated coffee source. Instant espresso powder is highly recommended because it’s potent, dissolves easily, and doesn’t add extra liquid. Aim for 2-3 tablespoons, or even up to 4 for a very intense flavor. If you prefer brewed coffee or espresso, it must be brewed extremely strong, using significantly less water than usual. Allow this concentrate to cool completely before adding it to the mixture. Coffee extract is another excellent, potent option, but use it sparingly as it’s highly concentrated.

Q3: How long does it take to freeze?

A: The typical freezing time for no-churn ice cream is between 6 to 8 hours, but it’s best to allow it to freeze overnight for optimal firmness. The exact time can vary depending on the temperature of your freezer and how efficiently it freezes. Ensure your freezer is set to 0°F or below for the best results. Resist the temptation to open the freezer too frequently during the initial freezing period, as this can disrupt the setting process.

Q4: Can I make this dairy-free?

A: Making this exact recipe dairy-free is challenging because the core ingredients – heavy cream and sweetened condensed milk – are dairy-based and crucial for the texture. While there are dairy-free alternatives for sweetened condensed milk and whipped cream (like coconut cream-based products), they may behave differently and yield a different texture. You would need to experiment with full-fat coconut cream whipped to stiff peaks and a dairy-free condensed milk substitute. The flavor profile might also be affected by the coconut. For a truly dairy-free coffee ice cream, it’s often best to look for recipes specifically designed with those ingredients in mind from the start, as they will have adjusted ratios and techniques to achieve a good result.

Q5: My ice cream is too hard to scoop. What did I do wrong?

A: If your ice cream is too hard to scoop, it likely means it’s frozen too solid. This can happen for a few reasons: your freezer might be too cold, or there wasn’t enough sugar (from the condensed milk) to adequately lower the freezing point. A lack of sufficient fat can also contribute to a harder texture. The simplest solution is to let the ice cream temper at room temperature for 10-15 minutes before trying to scoop. If it consistently freezes too hard, consider slightly increasing the amount of sweetened condensed milk in your next batch (by a tablespoon or two) and ensure your freezer isn’t set colder than 0°F. Also, check that you used full-fat heavy whipping cream.

Q6: Can I use decaf espresso powder?

A: Absolutely! If you want the coffee flavor without the caffeine, using decaffeinated espresso powder is a perfect solution. The flavor profile will remain virtually identical, and you can enjoy your delicious coffee ice cream any time of day without worrying about the caffeine kick.

Q7: What kind of container is best for freezing?

A: Any freezer-safe container with a tight-fitting lid will work. A standard loaf pan (8.5 x 4.5 inches or 9 x 5 inches) is a very popular choice because it’s readily available and provides a good surface area for even freezing. After pouring the ice cream mixture into the loaf pan, cover it tightly. A common and effective method is to first press a piece of parchment paper or plastic wrap directly onto the surface of the ice cream to create a seal, and then cover the entire pan with aluminum foil or the pan’s lid. This double layer of protection significantly minimizes air exposure and helps prevent ice crystals.

Q8: How much ice cream does this recipe make?

A: This recipe typically yields approximately 1.5 quarts of ice cream. This is a generous amount, enough to serve several people and have some leftovers for another day. The volume comes from the expansion of air incorporated into the whipped cream, which is a key component of the no-churn method.

Spread the love

Leave a Reply